Characteristics of Gram-positive cocci infection and the therapeutic effect after liver transplantation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Gram-positive cocci is the main pathogen responsible for early infection after liver transplantation (LT), posing a huge threat to the prognosis of liver transplant recipients. This study aims to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of Gram-positive cocci, the risk factors for infections and efficacy of antibiotics within 2 months after LT, and to guide the prevention and treatment of these infections.@*METHODS@#In this study, data of pathogenic bacteria distribution, drug resistance and therapeutic efficacy were collected from 39 Gram-positive cocci infections among 256 patients who received liver transplantation from donation after citizens' death in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2019 to July 2022, and risk factors for Gram-positive cocci infection were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Enterococcus faecium was the dominant pathogenic bacteria (33/51, 64.7%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (11/51, 21.6%). The most common sites of infection were abdominal cavity/biliary tract (13/256, 5.1%) and urinary tract (10/256, 3.9%). Fifty (98%) of the 51 Gram-positive cocci infections occurred within 1 month after LT. The most sensitive drugs to Gram-positive cocci were teicoplanin, tigecycline, linezolid and vancomycin. Vancomycin was not used in all patients, considering its nephrotoxicity. Vancomycin was not administered to all patients in view of its nephrotoxicity.There was no significant difference between the efficacy of daptomycin and teicoplanin in the prevention of cocci infection (P>0.05). Univariate analysis indicated that preoperative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score >25 (P=0.005), intraoperative red blood cell infusion ≥12 U (P=0.013) and exposure to more than 2 intravenous antibiotics post-LT (P=0.003) were related to Gram-positive cocci infections. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative MELD score >25 (OR=2.378, 95% CI 1.124 to 5.032, P=0.024) and intraoperative red blood cell transfusion ≥ 12 U (OR=2.757, 95% CI 1.227 to 6.195, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for Gram-positive cocci infections after LT. Postoperative Gram-positive cocci infections were reduced in LT recipients exposing to more than two intravenous antibiotics post-LT (OR=0.269, 95% CI 0.121 to 0.598, P=0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Gram-positive cocci infections occurring early after liver transplantation were dominated by Enterococcus faecalis infections at the abdominal/biliary tract and urinary tract. Teicoplanin, tigecycline and linezolid were anti-cocci sensitive drugs. Daptomycin and teicoplanin were equally effective in preventing cocci infections due to Gram-positive cocci. Patients with high preoperative MELD score and massive intraoperative red blood cell transfusion were more likely to suffer Gram-positive cocci infection after surgery. Postoperative Gram-positive cocci infections were reduced in recipients exposing to more than two intravenous antibiotics post-LT.

Current status and prospects of cognitive training for older adults with cognitive impairment / 中华老年医学杂志

Cognitive training is an important non-pharmaceutical intervention for older adults with cognitive impairment.It can improve cognitive function and life skills through training in different cognitive domains.Here we review the previous research on different types of cognitive training, examine the effect of cognitive training on cognitive improvement in older adults with cognitive impairment, and analyze the underlying neural mechanisms.In addition, we also identify deficiencies in the designs of previous research and propose how research protocols and training efficacy can be improved in the future.

Enlightenment from Japanese nursing-care to our country's service for the aged / 中国实用护理杂志

With the development of economics,the average life expectancy is prolonging.The population structure is developing to an aging direction,and China has entered the ranks of the aging countries.The problem that how to ensure the life benefits,provide the professional nursing-care,satisfy the needs of their physical,mental and social aspects,improve the quality of life,and maximatily achieve the value of life for the aged people,is still unresolved.The advanced nursing-care and old-age supporting system in Japan could provide some useful insights into our country's service for the aged.

The correlation between oral colonization of Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal disease / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>173 patients with gastrointestinal disease were grouped according to age, gender, periodontal status and types of gastrointestinal disease. H. pylori were detected from saliva samples of all patients by in vitro cultur. The H. pylori-positive rates in different groups were statistically analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The H. pylori-positive rate in all patients was 40.46% and the difference between male and female showed significant (P<0.05). The H. pylori-positive rate was 56.72% in the age range 45-64, which was significantly higher than two younger age groups (P<0.05). The H. pylori-positive rate in patients with atrophic gastritis was 77.78%, of which the difference was significantly higher than superficial gastritis group and gastric and duodenal ulcer group respectively (P<0.05). The H. pylori-positive rate in healthy periodontia group was 15.38%, while that in periodontitis group was 72.73% (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>H. pylori is a conditional pathogen. The H. pylori-positive rate from saliva is closely related to the types of gastrointestinal disease in patients, and it is correlated with the periodontal diseases as well. These findings suggest that the oral cavity with periodontal diseases is an ecological niche of H. pylori which might be an important cause for occurrence and re-occurrence of gastrointestinal disease.</p>

qacE△1-sul1 Genes in Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli and Their Clinic Significance / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the qacE△1-sul1 genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli and their significance.METHODS A total of 225 strains of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were clinically isolated.The genes of qacE△1-sul1 were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS From them 120 strains of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were found the qacE△1-sul1 genes.The positive rate of qacE△1-sul1 was 53.3%.CONCLUSIONS There are high percentages of qacE△1-sul1 genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.